#OSCILOSCOPIODIGITAL

Dhaqamada Globe: Encyclopedia ee Caadooyinka iyo Kastamka Adduunka

Taariikhda 

Wishram

Christopher Garcia
Wishram
Christopher Garcia

Shaxda tusmada

Wishram (Echeloots, Haxluit, Tlakluit), kuwaas oo la socday Wasco (Galasqo) oo ka kooban Upper Chinook, ku noolaa agagaarka The Dalles ee ku yaal Wabiga Columbia ee waqooyiga-bartamaha Oregon iyo koonfurta-bartamaha Washington. Maanta, Wishram waxay ku nool yihiin dhulkooda dhaqameed iyo Booska Hindida Yakima. Wasco waxay la nool yihiin Waqooyiga Paiute iyo kooxaha kale ee Boos Celinta Hindida Warm Springs ee Oregon. Waxay ku hadlaan luqadaha Chinook ee phylum Penutian.


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Buug-gacmeedka

Faransiis, David H. (1961). "Wasco-Wishram." Gudaha Aragtida Isbeddelka Dhaqanka Hindida Ameerikaanka, waxa tafatiray Edward H. Spicer, 357-430. Chicago: Jaamacadda Chicago Press.

Sidoo kale eeg: Nentsy - Horudhac, Goobta, Luuqadda, Sheeko-Taariikheedka, Diinta, Fasaxyada waaweyn, Cibaadada

Faransiis, David H. (1985). "Zebras oo ku teedsan wabiga Columbia: Male-awaal Wasco-Wishram Magacyada Xayawaanka Dhabta ah." Joornaalka Caalamiga ah ee Luuqadaha Ameerika 51:410-412.

Sidoo kale eeg: Guamania Ameerikaanka - Taariikhda, Waayaha Casriga ah, Gumaaniyiinta ugu horreeya ee dhul weynaha Maraykanka

Spier, Leslie, iyo Edward Sapir (1930). "Wishram Ethnography." Jaamacadda Wisconsin Publications in Anthropology 3:151-300. Madison.

Sidoo kale akhri maqaal ku saabsan Wishramee Wikipedia

Christopher Garcia

Christopher Garcia waa qoraa iyo cilmi-baare khibrad leh oo xiiseeya barashada dhaqanka. Isaga oo ah qoraaga blogga caanka ah, Encyclopedia Dhaqanka Adduunka, waxa uu ku dadaalayaa in uu aragtidiisa iyo aqoontiisa la wadaago dhegaystayaal caalami ah. Isagoo haysta shahaadada mastarka ee cilmiga anthropology iyo waayo-aragnimada safarka oo ballaaran, Christopher wuxuu keenayaa aragti gaar ah adduunka dhaqanka. Laga soo bilaabo qallafsanaanta cuntada iyo luqadda ilaa nuucyada fanka iyo diinta, maqaalladiisu waxay bixiyaan aragtiyo soo jiidasho leh oo ku saabsan tibaaxaha kala duwan ee aadanaha. Soo jiidashada iyo qoraalka xog-warranka ee Christopher waxa lagu soo bandhigay daabacaadyo badan, shaqadiisuna waxa ay soo jiidatay dad badan oo xiiseeya dhaqanka. Hadday noqoto in la dhex geliyo dhaqamadii ilbaxnimadihii hore ama ha ahaato sahaminta isbeddelladii ugu dambeeyay ee caalimaynta, Christopher wuxuu u heellan yahay iftiiminta cajaladaha qani ah ee dhaqanka aadanaha.